일단 커밋. 오랫동안 커밋을 안해서 꼬였다.

리팩토리 중.

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/urls/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from .base import (
+    clear_script_prefix,
+    clear_url_caches,
+    get_script_prefix,
+    get_urlconf,
+    is_valid_path,
+    resolve,
+    reverse,
+    reverse_lazy,
+    set_script_prefix,
+    set_urlconf,
+    translate_url,
+)
+from .conf import include, path, re_path
+from .converters import register_converter
+from .exceptions import NoReverseMatch, Resolver404
+from .resolvers import (
+    LocalePrefixPattern,
+    ResolverMatch,
+    URLPattern,
+    URLResolver,
+    get_ns_resolver,
+    get_resolver,
+)
+from .utils import get_callable, get_mod_func
+
+__all__ = [
+    "LocalePrefixPattern",
+    "NoReverseMatch",
+    "URLPattern",
+    "URLResolver",
+    "Resolver404",
+    "ResolverMatch",
+    "clear_script_prefix",
+    "clear_url_caches",
+    "get_callable",
+    "get_mod_func",
+    "get_ns_resolver",
+    "get_resolver",
+    "get_script_prefix",
+    "get_urlconf",
+    "include",
+    "is_valid_path",
+    "path",
+    "re_path",
+    "register_converter",
+    "resolve",
+    "reverse",
+    "reverse_lazy",
+    "set_script_prefix",
+    "set_urlconf",
+    "translate_url",
+]

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/urls/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+from urllib.parse import unquote, urlencode, urlsplit, urlunsplit
+
+from asgiref.local import Local
+
+from django.http import QueryDict
+from django.utils.functional import lazy
+from django.utils.translation import override
+
+from .exceptions import NoReverseMatch, Resolver404
+from .resolvers import _get_cached_resolver, get_ns_resolver, get_resolver
+from .utils import get_callable
+
+# SCRIPT_NAME prefixes for each thread are stored here. If there's no entry for
+# the current thread (which is the only one we ever access), it is assumed to
+# be empty.
+_prefixes = Local()
+
+# Overridden URLconfs for each thread are stored here.
+_urlconfs = Local()
+
+
+def resolve(path, urlconf=None):
+    if urlconf is None:
+        urlconf = get_urlconf()
+    return get_resolver(urlconf).resolve(path)
+
+
+def reverse(
+    viewname,
+    urlconf=None,
+    args=None,
+    kwargs=None,
+    current_app=None,
+    *,
+    query=None,
+    fragment=None,
+):
+    if urlconf is None:
+        urlconf = get_urlconf()
+    resolver = get_resolver(urlconf)
+    args = args or []
+    kwargs = kwargs or {}
+
+    prefix = get_script_prefix()
+
+    if not isinstance(viewname, str):
+        view = viewname
+    else:
+        *path, view = viewname.split(":")
+
+        if current_app:
+            current_path = current_app.split(":")
+            current_path.reverse()
+        else:
+            current_path = None
+
+        resolved_path = []
+        ns_pattern = ""
+        ns_converters = {}
+        for ns in path:
+            current_ns = current_path.pop() if current_path else None
+            # Lookup the name to see if it could be an app identifier.
+            try:
+                app_list = resolver.app_dict[ns]
+                # Yes! Path part matches an app in the current Resolver.
+                if current_ns and current_ns in app_list:
+                    # If we are reversing for a particular app, use that
+                    # namespace.
+                    ns = current_ns
+                elif ns not in app_list:
+                    # The name isn't shared by one of the instances (i.e.,
+                    # the default) so pick the first instance as the default.
+                    ns = app_list[0]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+
+            if ns != current_ns:
+                current_path = None
+
+            try:
+                extra, resolver = resolver.namespace_dict[ns]
+                resolved_path.append(ns)
+                ns_pattern += extra
+                ns_converters.update(resolver.pattern.converters)
+            except KeyError as key:
+                if resolved_path:
+                    raise NoReverseMatch(
+                        "%s is not a registered namespace inside '%s'"
+                        % (key, ":".join(resolved_path))
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise NoReverseMatch("%s is not a registered namespace" % key)
+        if ns_pattern:
+            resolver = get_ns_resolver(
+                ns_pattern, resolver, tuple(ns_converters.items())
+            )
+
+    resolved_url = resolver._reverse_with_prefix(view, prefix, *args, **kwargs)
+    if query is not None:
+        if isinstance(query, QueryDict):
+            query_string = query.urlencode()
+        else:
+            query_string = urlencode(query, doseq=True)
+        if query_string:
+            resolved_url += "?" + query_string
+    if fragment is not None:
+        resolved_url += "#" + fragment
+    return resolved_url
+
+
+reverse_lazy = lazy(reverse, str)
+
+
+def clear_url_caches():
+    get_callable.cache_clear()
+    _get_cached_resolver.cache_clear()
+    get_ns_resolver.cache_clear()
+
+
+def set_script_prefix(prefix):
+    """
+    Set the script prefix for the current thread.
+    """
+    if not prefix.endswith("/"):
+        prefix += "/"
+    _prefixes.value = prefix
+
+
+def get_script_prefix():
+    """
+    Return the currently active script prefix. Useful for client code that
+    wishes to construct their own URLs manually (although accessing the request
+    instance is normally going to be a lot cleaner).
+    """
+    return getattr(_prefixes, "value", "/")
+
+
+def clear_script_prefix():
+    """
+    Unset the script prefix for the current thread.
+    """
+    try:
+        del _prefixes.value
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+
+def set_urlconf(urlconf_name):
+    """
+    Set the URLconf for the current thread or asyncio task (overriding the
+    default one in settings). If urlconf_name is None, revert back to the
+    default.
+    """
+    if urlconf_name:
+        _urlconfs.value = urlconf_name
+    else:
+        if hasattr(_urlconfs, "value"):
+            del _urlconfs.value
+
+
+def get_urlconf(default=None):
+    """
+    Return the root URLconf to use for the current thread or asyncio task if it
+    has been changed from the default one.
+    """
+    return getattr(_urlconfs, "value", default)
+
+
+def is_valid_path(path, urlconf=None):
+    """
+    Return the ResolverMatch if the given path resolves against the default URL
+    resolver, False otherwise. This is a convenience method to make working
+    with "is this a match?" cases easier, avoiding try...except blocks.
+    """
+    try:
+        return resolve(path, urlconf)
+    except Resolver404:
+        return False
+
+
+def translate_url(url, lang_code):
+    """
+    Given a URL (absolute or relative), try to get its translated version in
+    the `lang_code` language (either by i18n_patterns or by translated regex).
+    Return the original URL if no translated version is found.
+    """
+    parsed = urlsplit(url)
+    try:
+        # URL may be encoded.
+        match = resolve(unquote(parsed.path))
+    except Resolver404:
+        pass
+    else:
+        to_be_reversed = (
+            "%s:%s" % (match.namespace, match.url_name)
+            if match.namespace
+            else match.url_name
+        )
+        with override(lang_code):
+            try:
+                url = reverse(to_be_reversed, args=match.args, kwargs=match.kwargs)
+            except NoReverseMatch:
+                pass
+            else:
+                url = urlunsplit(
+                    (parsed.scheme, parsed.netloc, url, parsed.query, parsed.fragment)
+                )
+    return url

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/urls/conf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""Functions for use in URLsconfs."""
+
+from functools import partial
+from importlib import import_module
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+
+from .resolvers import (
+    LocalePrefixPattern,
+    RegexPattern,
+    RoutePattern,
+    URLPattern,
+    URLResolver,
+)
+
+
+def include(arg, namespace=None):
+    app_name = None
+    if isinstance(arg, tuple):
+        # Callable returning a namespace hint.
+        try:
+            urlconf_module, app_name = arg
+        except ValueError:
+            if namespace:
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    "Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that "
+                    "provides a namespace."
+                )
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Passing a %d-tuple to include() is not supported. Pass a "
+                "2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name, and "
+                "provide the namespace argument to include() instead." % len(arg)
+            )
+    else:
+        # No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace.
+        urlconf_module = arg
+
+    if isinstance(urlconf_module, str):
+        urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
+    patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", urlconf_module)
+    app_name = getattr(urlconf_module, "app_name", app_name)
+    if namespace and not app_name:
+        raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+            "Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name "
+            "is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included "
+            "module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and "
+            "app_name instead.",
+        )
+    namespace = namespace or app_name
+    # Make sure the patterns can be iterated through (without this, some
+    # testcases will break).
+    if isinstance(patterns, (list, tuple)):
+        for url_pattern in patterns:
+            pattern = getattr(url_pattern, "pattern", None)
+            if isinstance(pattern, LocalePrefixPattern):
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    "Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed."
+                )
+    return (urlconf_module, app_name, namespace)
+
+
+def _path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None, Pattern=None):
+    from django.views import View
+
+    if kwargs is not None and not isinstance(kwargs, dict):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"kwargs argument must be a dict, but got {kwargs.__class__.__name__}."
+        )
+    if isinstance(view, (list, tuple)):
+        # For include(...) processing.
+        pattern = Pattern(route, is_endpoint=False)
+        urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = view
+        return URLResolver(
+            pattern,
+            urlconf_module,
+            kwargs,
+            app_name=app_name,
+            namespace=namespace,
+        )
+    elif callable(view):
+        pattern = Pattern(route, name=name, is_endpoint=True)
+        return URLPattern(pattern, view, kwargs, name)
+    elif isinstance(view, View):
+        view_cls_name = view.__class__.__name__
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"view must be a callable, pass {view_cls_name}.as_view(), not "
+            f"{view_cls_name}()."
+        )
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include()."
+        )
+
+
+path = partial(_path, Pattern=RoutePattern)
+re_path = partial(_path, Pattern=RegexPattern)

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/urls/converters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import functools
+import uuid
+import warnings
+
+from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango60Warning
+
+
+class IntConverter:
+    regex = "[0-9]+"
+
+    def to_python(self, value):
+        return int(value)
+
+    def to_url(self, value):
+        return str(value)
+
+
+class StringConverter:
+    regex = "[^/]+"
+
+    def to_python(self, value):
+        return value
+
+    def to_url(self, value):
+        return value
+
+
+class UUIDConverter:
+    regex = "[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}"
+
+    def to_python(self, value):
+        return uuid.UUID(value)
+
+    def to_url(self, value):
+        return str(value)
+
+
+class SlugConverter(StringConverter):
+    regex = "[-a-zA-Z0-9_]+"
+
+
+class PathConverter(StringConverter):
+    regex = ".+"
+
+
+DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
+    "int": IntConverter(),
+    "path": PathConverter(),
+    "slug": SlugConverter(),
+    "str": StringConverter(),
+    "uuid": UUIDConverter(),
+}
+
+
+REGISTERED_CONVERTERS = {}
+
+
+def register_converter(converter, type_name):
+    if type_name in REGISTERED_CONVERTERS or type_name in DEFAULT_CONVERTERS:
+        # RemovedInDjango60Warning: when the deprecation ends, replace with
+        # raise ValueError(f"Converter {type_name} is already registered.")
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"Converter {type_name!r} is already registered. Support for overriding "
+            "registered converters is deprecated and will be removed in Django 6.0.",
+            RemovedInDjango60Warning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+    REGISTERED_CONVERTERS[type_name] = converter()
+    get_converters.cache_clear()
+
+    from django.urls.resolvers import _route_to_regex
+
+    _route_to_regex.cache_clear()
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def get_converters():
+    return {**DEFAULT_CONVERTERS, **REGISTERED_CONVERTERS}

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/urls/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from django.http import Http404
+
+
+class Resolver404(Http404):
+    pass
+
+
+class NoReverseMatch(Exception):
+    pass

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+"""
+This module converts requested URLs to callback view functions.
+
+URLResolver is the main class here. Its resolve() method takes a URL (as
+a string) and returns a ResolverMatch object which provides access to all
+attributes of the resolved URL match.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+import re
+import string
+from importlib import import_module
+from pickle import PicklingError
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+from asgiref.local import Local
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.checks import Error, Warning
+from django.core.checks.urls import check_resolver
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+from django.utils.http import RFC3986_SUBDELIMS, escape_leading_slashes
+from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile, normalize
+from django.utils.translation import get_language
+
+from .converters import get_converters
+from .exceptions import NoReverseMatch, Resolver404
+from .utils import get_callable
+
+
+class ResolverMatch:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func,
+        args,
+        kwargs,
+        url_name=None,
+        app_names=None,
+        namespaces=None,
+        route=None,
+        tried=None,
+        captured_kwargs=None,
+        extra_kwargs=None,
+    ):
+        self.func = func
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.url_name = url_name
+        self.route = route
+        self.tried = tried
+        self.captured_kwargs = captured_kwargs
+        self.extra_kwargs = extra_kwargs
+
+        # If a URLRegexResolver doesn't have a namespace or app_name, it passes
+        # in an empty value.
+        self.app_names = [x for x in app_names if x] if app_names else []
+        self.app_name = ":".join(self.app_names)
+        self.namespaces = [x for x in namespaces if x] if namespaces else []
+        self.namespace = ":".join(self.namespaces)
+
+        if hasattr(func, "view_class"):
+            func = func.view_class
+        if not hasattr(func, "__name__"):
+            # A class-based view
+            self._func_path = func.__class__.__module__ + "." + func.__class__.__name__
+        else:
+            # A function-based view
+            self._func_path = func.__module__ + "." + func.__name__
+
+        view_path = url_name or self._func_path
+        self.view_name = ":".join(self.namespaces + [view_path])
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return (self.func, self.args, self.kwargs)[index]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if isinstance(self.func, functools.partial):
+            func = repr(self.func)
+        else:
+            func = self._func_path
+        return (
+            "ResolverMatch(func=%s, args=%r, kwargs=%r, url_name=%r, "
+            "app_names=%r, namespaces=%r, route=%r%s%s)"
+            % (
+                func,
+                self.args,
+                self.kwargs,
+                self.url_name,
+                self.app_names,
+                self.namespaces,
+                self.route,
+                (
+                    f", captured_kwargs={self.captured_kwargs!r}"
+                    if self.captured_kwargs
+                    else ""
+                ),
+                f", extra_kwargs={self.extra_kwargs!r}" if self.extra_kwargs else "",
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol):
+        raise PicklingError(f"Cannot pickle {self.__class__.__qualname__}.")
+
+
+def get_resolver(urlconf=None):
+    if urlconf is None:
+        urlconf = settings.ROOT_URLCONF
+    return _get_cached_resolver(urlconf)
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def _get_cached_resolver(urlconf=None):
+    return URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^/"), urlconf)
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def get_ns_resolver(ns_pattern, resolver, converters):
+    # Build a namespaced resolver for the given parent URLconf pattern.
+    # This makes it possible to have captured parameters in the parent
+    # URLconf pattern.
+    pattern = RegexPattern(ns_pattern)
+    pattern.converters = dict(converters)
+    ns_resolver = URLResolver(pattern, resolver.url_patterns)
+    return URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^/"), [ns_resolver])
+
+
+class LocaleRegexDescriptor:
+    def __get__(self, instance, cls=None):
+        """
+        Return a compiled regular expression based on the active language.
+        """
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+        # As a performance optimization, if the given regex string is a regular
+        # string (not a lazily-translated string proxy), compile it once and
+        # avoid per-language compilation.
+        pattern = instance._regex
+        if isinstance(pattern, str):
+            instance.__dict__["regex"] = self._compile(pattern)
+            return instance.__dict__["regex"]
+        language_code = get_language()
+        if language_code not in instance._regex_dict:
+            instance._regex_dict[language_code] = self._compile(str(pattern))
+        return instance._regex_dict[language_code]
+
+    def _compile(self, regex):
+        try:
+            return re.compile(regex)
+        except re.error as e:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                f'"{regex}" is not a valid regular expression: {e}'
+            ) from e
+
+
+class CheckURLMixin:
+    def describe(self):
+        """
+        Format the URL pattern for display in warning messages.
+        """
+        description = "'{}'".format(self)
+        if self.name:
+            description += " [name='{}']".format(self.name)
+        return description
+
+    def _check_pattern_startswith_slash(self):
+        """
+        Check that the pattern does not begin with a forward slash.
+        """
+        if not settings.APPEND_SLASH:
+            # Skip check as it can be useful to start a URL pattern with a slash
+            # when APPEND_SLASH=False.
+            return []
+        if self._regex.startswith(("/", "^/", "^\\/")) and not self._regex.endswith(
+            "/"
+        ):
+            warning = Warning(
+                "Your URL pattern {} has a route beginning with a '/'. Remove this "
+                "slash as it is unnecessary. If this pattern is targeted in an "
+                "include(), ensure the include() pattern has a trailing '/'.".format(
+                    self.describe()
+                ),
+                id="urls.W002",
+            )
+            return [warning]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+
+class RegexPattern(CheckURLMixin):
+    regex = LocaleRegexDescriptor()
+
+    def __init__(self, regex, name=None, is_endpoint=False):
+        self._regex = regex
+        self._regex_dict = {}
+        self._is_endpoint = is_endpoint
+        self.name = name
+        self.converters = {}
+
+    def match(self, path):
+        match = (
+            self.regex.fullmatch(path)
+            if self._is_endpoint and self.regex.pattern.endswith("$")
+            else self.regex.search(path)
+        )
+        if match:
+            # If there are any named groups, use those as kwargs, ignoring
+            # non-named groups. Otherwise, pass all non-named arguments as
+            # positional arguments.
+            kwargs = match.groupdict()
+            args = () if kwargs else match.groups()
+            kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+            return path[match.end() :], args, kwargs
+        return None
+
+    def check(self):
+        warnings = []
+        warnings.extend(self._check_pattern_startswith_slash())
+        if not self._is_endpoint:
+            warnings.extend(self._check_include_trailing_dollar())
+        return warnings
+
+    def _check_include_trailing_dollar(self):
+        if self._regex.endswith("$") and not self._regex.endswith(r"\$"):
+            return [
+                Warning(
+                    "Your URL pattern {} uses include with a route ending with a '$'. "
+                    "Remove the dollar from the route to avoid problems including "
+                    "URLs.".format(self.describe()),
+                    id="urls.W001",
+                )
+            ]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._regex)
+
+
+_PATH_PARAMETER_COMPONENT_RE = _lazy_re_compile(
+    r"<(?:(?P<converter>[^>:]+):)?(?P<parameter>[^>]+)>"
+)
+
+whitespace_set = frozenset(string.whitespace)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache
+def _route_to_regex(route, is_endpoint):
+    """
+    Convert a path pattern into a regular expression. Return the regular
+    expression and a dictionary mapping the capture names to the converters.
+    For example, 'foo/<int:pk>' returns '^foo\\/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)'
+    and {'pk': <django.urls.converters.IntConverter>}.
+    """
+    parts = ["^"]
+    all_converters = get_converters()
+    converters = {}
+    previous_end = 0
+    for match_ in _PATH_PARAMETER_COMPONENT_RE.finditer(route):
+        if not whitespace_set.isdisjoint(match_[0]):
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                f"URL route {route!r} cannot contain whitespace in angle brackets <…>."
+            )
+        # Default to make converter "str" if unspecified (parameter always
+        # matches something).
+        raw_converter, parameter = match_.groups(default="str")
+        if not parameter.isidentifier():
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                f"URL route {route!r} uses parameter name {parameter!r} which "
+                "isn't a valid Python identifier."
+            )
+        try:
+            converter = all_converters[raw_converter]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                f"URL route {route!r} uses invalid converter {raw_converter!r}."
+            ) from e
+        converters[parameter] = converter
+
+        start, end = match_.span()
+        parts.append(re.escape(route[previous_end:start]))
+        previous_end = end
+        parts.append(f"(?P<{parameter}>{converter.regex})")
+
+    parts.append(re.escape(route[previous_end:]))
+    if is_endpoint:
+        parts.append(r"\Z")
+    return "".join(parts), converters
+
+
+class LocaleRegexRouteDescriptor:
+    def __get__(self, instance, cls=None):
+        """
+        Return a compiled regular expression based on the active language.
+        """
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+        # As a performance optimization, if the given route is a regular string
+        # (not a lazily-translated string proxy), compile it once and avoid
+        # per-language compilation.
+        if isinstance(instance._route, str):
+            instance.__dict__["regex"] = re.compile(instance._regex)
+            return instance.__dict__["regex"]
+        language_code = get_language()
+        if language_code not in instance._regex_dict:
+            instance._regex_dict[language_code] = re.compile(
+                _route_to_regex(str(instance._route), instance._is_endpoint)[0]
+            )
+        return instance._regex_dict[language_code]
+
+
+class RoutePattern(CheckURLMixin):
+    regex = LocaleRegexRouteDescriptor()
+
+    def __init__(self, route, name=None, is_endpoint=False):
+        self._route = route
+        self._regex, self.converters = _route_to_regex(str(route), is_endpoint)
+        self._regex_dict = {}
+        self._is_endpoint = is_endpoint
+        self.name = name
+
+    def match(self, path):
+        match = self.regex.search(path)
+        if match:
+            # RoutePattern doesn't allow non-named groups so args are ignored.
+            kwargs = match.groupdict()
+            for key, value in kwargs.items():
+                converter = self.converters[key]
+                try:
+                    kwargs[key] = converter.to_python(value)
+                except ValueError:
+                    return None
+            return path[match.end() :], (), kwargs
+        return None
+
+    def check(self):
+        warnings = [
+            *self._check_pattern_startswith_slash(),
+            *self._check_pattern_unmatched_angle_brackets(),
+        ]
+        route = self._route
+        if "(?P<" in route or route.startswith("^") or route.endswith("$"):
+            warnings.append(
+                Warning(
+                    "Your URL pattern {} has a route that contains '(?P<', begins "
+                    "with a '^', or ends with a '$'. This was likely an oversight "
+                    "when migrating to django.urls.path().".format(self.describe()),
+                    id="2_0.W001",
+                )
+            )
+        return warnings
+
+    def _check_pattern_unmatched_angle_brackets(self):
+        warnings = []
+        msg = "Your URL pattern %s has an unmatched '%s' bracket."
+        brackets = re.findall(r"[<>]", str(self._route))
+        open_bracket_counter = 0
+        for bracket in brackets:
+            if bracket == "<":
+                open_bracket_counter += 1
+            elif bracket == ">":
+                open_bracket_counter -= 1
+                if open_bracket_counter < 0:
+                    warnings.append(
+                        Warning(msg % (self.describe(), ">"), id="urls.W010")
+                    )
+                    open_bracket_counter = 0
+        if open_bracket_counter > 0:
+            warnings.append(Warning(msg % (self.describe(), "<"), id="urls.W010"))
+        return warnings
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._route)
+
+
+class LocalePrefixPattern:
+    def __init__(self, prefix_default_language=True):
+        self.prefix_default_language = prefix_default_language
+        self.converters = {}
+
+    @property
+    def regex(self):
+        # This is only used by reverse() and cached in _reverse_dict.
+        return re.compile(re.escape(self.language_prefix))
+
+    @property
+    def language_prefix(self):
+        language_code = get_language() or settings.LANGUAGE_CODE
+        if language_code == settings.LANGUAGE_CODE and not self.prefix_default_language:
+            return ""
+        else:
+            return "%s/" % language_code
+
+    def match(self, path):
+        language_prefix = self.language_prefix
+        if path.startswith(language_prefix):
+            return path.removeprefix(language_prefix), (), {}
+        return None
+
+    def check(self):
+        return []
+
+    def describe(self):
+        return "'{}'".format(self)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.language_prefix
+
+
+class URLPattern:
+    def __init__(self, pattern, callback, default_args=None, name=None):
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.callback = callback  # the view
+        self.default_args = default_args or {}
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.pattern.describe())
+
+    def check(self):
+        warnings = self._check_pattern_name()
+        warnings.extend(self.pattern.check())
+        warnings.extend(self._check_callback())
+        return warnings
+
+    def _check_pattern_name(self):
+        """
+        Check that the pattern name does not contain a colon.
+        """
+        if self.pattern.name is not None and ":" in self.pattern.name:
+            warning = Warning(
+                "Your URL pattern {} has a name including a ':'. Remove the colon, to "
+                "avoid ambiguous namespace references.".format(self.pattern.describe()),
+                id="urls.W003",
+            )
+            return [warning]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def _check_callback(self):
+        from django.views import View
+
+        view = self.callback
+        if inspect.isclass(view) and issubclass(view, View):
+            return [
+                Error(
+                    "Your URL pattern %s has an invalid view, pass %s.as_view() "
+                    "instead of %s."
+                    % (
+                        self.pattern.describe(),
+                        view.__name__,
+                        view.__name__,
+                    ),
+                    id="urls.E009",
+                )
+            ]
+        return []
+
+    def resolve(self, path):
+        match = self.pattern.match(path)
+        if match:
+            new_path, args, captured_kwargs = match
+            # Pass any default args as **kwargs.
+            kwargs = {**captured_kwargs, **self.default_args}
+            return ResolverMatch(
+                self.callback,
+                args,
+                kwargs,
+                self.pattern.name,
+                route=str(self.pattern),
+                captured_kwargs=captured_kwargs,
+                extra_kwargs=self.default_args,
+            )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def lookup_str(self):
+        """
+        A string that identifies the view (e.g. 'path.to.view_function' or
+        'path.to.ClassBasedView').
+        """
+        callback = self.callback
+        if isinstance(callback, functools.partial):
+            callback = callback.func
+        if hasattr(callback, "view_class"):
+            callback = callback.view_class
+        elif not hasattr(callback, "__name__"):
+            return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__class__.__name__
+        return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__qualname__
+
+
+class URLResolver:
+    def __init__(
+        self, pattern, urlconf_name, default_kwargs=None, app_name=None, namespace=None
+    ):
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        # urlconf_name is the dotted Python path to the module defining
+        # urlpatterns. It may also be an object with an urlpatterns attribute
+        # or urlpatterns itself.
+        self.urlconf_name = urlconf_name
+        self.callback = None
+        self.default_kwargs = default_kwargs or {}
+        self.namespace = namespace
+        self.app_name = app_name
+        self._reverse_dict = {}
+        self._namespace_dict = {}
+        self._app_dict = {}
+        # set of dotted paths to all functions and classes that are used in
+        # urlpatterns
+        self._callback_strs = set()
+        self._populated = False
+        self._local = Local()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if isinstance(self.urlconf_name, list) and self.urlconf_name:
+            # Don't bother to output the whole list, it can be huge
+            urlconf_repr = "<%s list>" % self.urlconf_name[0].__class__.__name__
+        else:
+            urlconf_repr = repr(self.urlconf_name)
+        return "<%s %s (%s:%s) %s>" % (
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            urlconf_repr,
+            self.app_name,
+            self.namespace,
+            self.pattern.describe(),
+        )
+
+    def check(self):
+        messages = []
+        for pattern in self.url_patterns:
+            messages.extend(check_resolver(pattern))
+        return messages or self.pattern.check()
+
+    def _populate(self):
+        # Short-circuit if called recursively in this thread to prevent
+        # infinite recursion. Concurrent threads may call this at the same
+        # time and will need to continue, so set 'populating' on a
+        # thread-local variable.
+        if getattr(self._local, "populating", False):
+            return
+        try:
+            self._local.populating = True
+            lookups = MultiValueDict()
+            namespaces = {}
+            apps = {}
+            language_code = get_language()
+            for url_pattern in reversed(self.url_patterns):
+                p_pattern = url_pattern.pattern.regex.pattern
+                p_pattern = p_pattern.removeprefix("^")
+                if isinstance(url_pattern, URLPattern):
+                    self._callback_strs.add(url_pattern.lookup_str)
+                    bits = normalize(url_pattern.pattern.regex.pattern)
+                    lookups.appendlist(
+                        url_pattern.callback,
+                        (
+                            bits,
+                            p_pattern,
+                            url_pattern.default_args,
+                            url_pattern.pattern.converters,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    if url_pattern.name is not None:
+                        lookups.appendlist(
+                            url_pattern.name,
+                            (
+                                bits,
+                                p_pattern,
+                                url_pattern.default_args,
+                                url_pattern.pattern.converters,
+                            ),
+                        )
+                else:  # url_pattern is a URLResolver.
+                    url_pattern._populate()
+                    if url_pattern.app_name:
+                        apps.setdefault(url_pattern.app_name, []).append(
+                            url_pattern.namespace
+                        )
+                        namespaces[url_pattern.namespace] = (p_pattern, url_pattern)
+                    else:
+                        for name in url_pattern.reverse_dict:
+                            for (
+                                matches,
+                                pat,
+                                defaults,
+                                converters,
+                            ) in url_pattern.reverse_dict.getlist(name):
+                                new_matches = normalize(p_pattern + pat)
+                                lookups.appendlist(
+                                    name,
+                                    (
+                                        new_matches,
+                                        p_pattern + pat,
+                                        {**defaults, **url_pattern.default_kwargs},
+                                        {
+                                            **self.pattern.converters,
+                                            **url_pattern.pattern.converters,
+                                            **converters,
+                                        },
+                                    ),
+                                )
+                        for namespace, (
+                            prefix,
+                            sub_pattern,
+                        ) in url_pattern.namespace_dict.items():
+                            current_converters = url_pattern.pattern.converters
+                            sub_pattern.pattern.converters.update(current_converters)
+                            namespaces[namespace] = (p_pattern + prefix, sub_pattern)
+                        for app_name, namespace_list in url_pattern.app_dict.items():
+                            apps.setdefault(app_name, []).extend(namespace_list)
+                    self._callback_strs.update(url_pattern._callback_strs)
+            self._namespace_dict[language_code] = namespaces
+            self._app_dict[language_code] = apps
+            self._reverse_dict[language_code] = lookups
+            self._populated = True
+        finally:
+            self._local.populating = False
+
+    @property
+    def reverse_dict(self):
+        language_code = get_language()
+        if language_code not in self._reverse_dict:
+            self._populate()
+        return self._reverse_dict[language_code]
+
+    @property
+    def namespace_dict(self):
+        language_code = get_language()
+        if language_code not in self._namespace_dict:
+            self._populate()
+        return self._namespace_dict[language_code]
+
+    @property
+    def app_dict(self):
+        language_code = get_language()
+        if language_code not in self._app_dict:
+            self._populate()
+        return self._app_dict[language_code]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extend_tried(tried, pattern, sub_tried=None):
+        if sub_tried is None:
+            tried.append([pattern])
+        else:
+            tried.extend([pattern, *t] for t in sub_tried)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _join_route(route1, route2):
+        """Join two routes, without the starting ^ in the second route."""
+        if not route1:
+            return route2
+        route2 = route2.removeprefix("^")
+        return route1 + route2
+
+    def _is_callback(self, name):
+        if not self._populated:
+            self._populate()
+        return name in self._callback_strs
+
+    def resolve(self, path):
+        path = str(path)  # path may be a reverse_lazy object
+        tried = []
+        match = self.pattern.match(path)
+        if match:
+            new_path, args, kwargs = match
+            for pattern in self.url_patterns:
+                try:
+                    sub_match = pattern.resolve(new_path)
+                except Resolver404 as e:
+                    self._extend_tried(tried, pattern, e.args[0].get("tried"))
+                else:
+                    if sub_match:
+                        # Merge captured arguments in match with submatch
+                        sub_match_dict = {**kwargs, **self.default_kwargs}
+                        # Update the sub_match_dict with the kwargs from the sub_match.
+                        sub_match_dict.update(sub_match.kwargs)
+                        # If there are *any* named groups, ignore all non-named groups.
+                        # Otherwise, pass all non-named arguments as positional
+                        # arguments.
+                        sub_match_args = sub_match.args
+                        if not sub_match_dict:
+                            sub_match_args = args + sub_match.args
+                        current_route = (
+                            ""
+                            if isinstance(pattern, URLPattern)
+                            else str(pattern.pattern)
+                        )
+                        self._extend_tried(tried, pattern, sub_match.tried)
+                        return ResolverMatch(
+                            sub_match.func,
+                            sub_match_args,
+                            sub_match_dict,
+                            sub_match.url_name,
+                            [self.app_name] + sub_match.app_names,
+                            [self.namespace] + sub_match.namespaces,
+                            self._join_route(current_route, sub_match.route),
+                            tried,
+                            captured_kwargs=sub_match.captured_kwargs,
+                            extra_kwargs={
+                                **self.default_kwargs,
+                                **sub_match.extra_kwargs,
+                            },
+                        )
+                    tried.append([pattern])
+            raise Resolver404({"tried": tried, "path": new_path})
+        raise Resolver404({"path": path})
+
+    @cached_property
+    def urlconf_module(self):
+        if isinstance(self.urlconf_name, str):
+            return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
+        else:
+            return self.urlconf_name
+
+    @cached_property
+    def url_patterns(self):
+        # urlconf_module might be a valid set of patterns, so we default to it
+        patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
+        try:
+            iter(patterns)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            msg = (
+                "The included URLconf '{name}' does not appear to have "
+                "any patterns in it. If you see the 'urlpatterns' variable "
+                "with valid patterns in the file then the issue is probably "
+                "caused by a circular import."
+            )
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg.format(name=self.urlconf_name)) from e
+        return patterns
+
+    def resolve_error_handler(self, view_type):
+        callback = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "handler%s" % view_type, None)
+        if not callback:
+            # No handler specified in file; use lazy import, since
+            # django.conf.urls imports this file.
+            from django.conf import urls
+
+            callback = getattr(urls, "handler%s" % view_type)
+        return get_callable(callback)
+
+    def reverse(self, lookup_view, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._reverse_with_prefix(lookup_view, "", *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _reverse_with_prefix(self, lookup_view, _prefix, *args, **kwargs):
+        if args and kwargs:
+            raise ValueError("Don't mix *args and **kwargs in call to reverse()!")
+
+        if not self._populated:
+            self._populate()
+
+        possibilities = self.reverse_dict.getlist(lookup_view)
+
+        for possibility, pattern, defaults, converters in possibilities:
+            for result, params in possibility:
+                if args:
+                    if len(args) != len(params):
+                        continue
+                    candidate_subs = dict(zip(params, args))
+                else:
+                    if set(kwargs).symmetric_difference(params).difference(defaults):
+                        continue
+                    matches = True
+                    for k, v in defaults.items():
+                        if k in params:
+                            continue
+                        if kwargs.get(k, v) != v:
+                            matches = False
+                            break
+                    if not matches:
+                        continue
+                    candidate_subs = kwargs
+                # Convert the candidate subs to text using Converter.to_url().
+                text_candidate_subs = {}
+                match = True
+                for k, v in candidate_subs.items():
+                    if k in converters:
+                        try:
+                            text_candidate_subs[k] = converters[k].to_url(v)
+                        except ValueError:
+                            match = False
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        text_candidate_subs[k] = str(v)
+                if not match:
+                    continue
+                # WSGI provides decoded URLs, without %xx escapes, and the URL
+                # resolver operates on such URLs. First substitute arguments
+                # without quoting to build a decoded URL and look for a match.
+                # Then, if we have a match, redo the substitution with quoted
+                # arguments in order to return a properly encoded URL.
+                candidate_pat = _prefix.replace("%", "%%") + result
+                if re.search(
+                    "^%s%s" % (re.escape(_prefix), pattern),
+                    candidate_pat % text_candidate_subs,
+                ):
+                    # safe characters from `pchar` definition of RFC 3986
+                    url = quote(
+                        candidate_pat % text_candidate_subs,
+                        safe=RFC3986_SUBDELIMS + "/~:@",
+                    )
+                    # Don't allow construction of scheme relative urls.
+                    return escape_leading_slashes(url)
+        # lookup_view can be URL name or callable, but callables are not
+        # friendly in error messages.
+        m = getattr(lookup_view, "__module__", None)
+        n = getattr(lookup_view, "__name__", None)
+        if m is not None and n is not None:
+            lookup_view_s = "%s.%s" % (m, n)
+        else:
+            lookup_view_s = lookup_view
+
+        patterns = [pattern for (_, pattern, _, _) in possibilities]
+        if patterns:
+            if args:
+                arg_msg = "arguments '%s'" % (args,)
+            elif kwargs:
+                arg_msg = "keyword arguments '%s'" % kwargs
+            else:
+                arg_msg = "no arguments"
+            msg = "Reverse for '%s' with %s not found. %d pattern(s) tried: %s" % (
+                lookup_view_s,
+                arg_msg,
+                len(patterns),
+                patterns,
+            )
+        else:
+            msg = (
+                "Reverse for '%(view)s' not found. '%(view)s' is not "
+                "a valid view function or pattern name." % {"view": lookup_view_s}
+            )
+        raise NoReverseMatch(msg)

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/django/urls/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import functools
+from importlib import import_module
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ViewDoesNotExist
+from django.utils.module_loading import module_has_submodule
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def get_callable(lookup_view):
+    """
+    Return a callable corresponding to lookup_view.
+    * If lookup_view is already a callable, return it.
+    * If lookup_view is a string import path that can be resolved to a callable,
+      import that callable and return it, otherwise raise an exception
+      (ImportError or ViewDoesNotExist).
+    """
+    if callable(lookup_view):
+        return lookup_view
+
+    if not isinstance(lookup_view, str):
+        raise ViewDoesNotExist(
+            "'%s' is not a callable or a dot-notation path" % lookup_view
+        )
+
+    mod_name, func_name = get_mod_func(lookup_view)
+    if not func_name:  # No '.' in lookup_view
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Could not import '%s'. The path must be fully qualified." % lookup_view
+        )
+
+    try:
+        mod = import_module(mod_name)
+    except ImportError:
+        parentmod, submod = get_mod_func(mod_name)
+        if submod and not module_has_submodule(import_module(parentmod), submod):
+            raise ViewDoesNotExist(
+                "Could not import '%s'. Parent module %s does not exist."
+                % (lookup_view, mod_name)
+            )
+        else:
+            raise
+    else:
+        try:
+            view_func = getattr(mod, func_name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise ViewDoesNotExist(
+                "Could not import '%s'. View does not exist in module %s."
+                % (lookup_view, mod_name)
+            )
+        else:
+            if not callable(view_func):
+                raise ViewDoesNotExist(
+                    "Could not import '%s.%s'. View is not callable."
+                    % (mod_name, func_name)
+                )
+            return view_func
+
+
+def get_mod_func(callback):
+    # Convert 'django.views.news.stories.story_detail' to
+    # ['django.views.news.stories', 'story_detail']
+    try:
+        dot = callback.rindex(".")
+    except ValueError:
+        return callback, ""
+    return callback[:dot], callback[dot + 1 :]